তিতিরের জীবন Guinea fowl

বাংলায় আমারা বলি তিতির মুড়গী আবার কেহ বলে 

 চীনা মুরগী । ইহা এক প্রকার পাখি বিশেষ যার 

 প্রকৃত নাম গিনি মুনগি বা গিনিয়া ফাইল  ।  

এদের   আদিবাস আফ্রিকা বলে জানা গেছে । 

 রঙ্গীন পক্ষীবিশেষ, টার্কি ও কোয়েলের মত 

 গৃহপালিত হবার এদের  ইতিহাস বেশ বড়।  বিশেষ করে ঝুঁটি তিতির বেশ পরিচিতি 

 পেয়েছে । 

Guinea fowl, sometimes called pintades or gleanies, are a family of birds originating from Africa, related to other game birds such as the pheasants, turkeys and partridges; they have a long history of domestication, mainly involving the helmeted guinea fowl.

They lay 25–30 eggs in a deep, tapering nest. Their eggs are small, dark and extremely thick-shelled. The hens have a habit of hiding their nests, and sharing it with other hens until large numbers of eggs have accumulated. The incubation period is 26–28 days, and the chicks are called "keets". As keets, they are highly susceptible to dampness (they are indigenous to the more arid regions of Africa) and can die from following the mother through dewy grass. After their first two to six weeks of growth, though, they can be some of the hardiest domestic land fowl.

এরা এক নাগারে ২৫-৩০টি ডিম তাপযুক্ত ঝোপের বাসার পেরে থাকে । এদের ডিম শক্ত ছোট ও পুরু খোলস । মেয়ে তিতির তাদের বাসা লুকিয়ে রাখতে পছন্দ করে এবং অন্য মেয়ে তিতিরের সঙ্গে বাসা ভাগাভাগি করে থাকে যাতে অনেক ডিম হয়। এরা ২৬/২৮ দিন ডিমে তা দেয় । তিতিরের বাচ্ছাকে কিত বলে । বেশির ভাগ বাচ্চা মারা যায় ভিজা বা কুয়াশা যুক্ত ঘাস বা অন্যান্য  ভিজা খাবার খেয়ে । ৬ সপ্তাহ হলে এরা মৃত্যু ঝুকি মুক্ত হয়ে থাকে । এদের বাসস্থান সব সময় মুকনা রাখতে হবে।

Sexing the birds is not as simple as telling a rooster from a hen chicken. When they are adults, the helmet and wattles of the male are larger than those of the female, and only the female makes the two-note cry imitated as "Buck-wheat!" or "Pot-rack!" Aside from that, though, the two sexes are mostly identical in appearance.

প্রাপ্ত বয়স্ক পুরুষ বা নর তিতিরের মাথায় মুকুট হয় এরা মেয়ে বা মাদি তিতির হতে আকারে বড় হয় । কেবল মাত্র মাদি তিতিররা ব্রাক হোট বা পট্রক শব্দ করে ডেকে থাকে । দুই প্রকার তিতিরই  দেখতে প্রায় একই প্রকার ।

As domestics, guinea fowl are valuable pest controllers, eating many insects. They are especially beneficial in controlling the Lyme disease-carrying deer tick, as well as wasp nests. While they are rarely kept in large numbers, a few are sometimes kept with other fowl to be used as a security system against birds of prey.  They will call with their loud, high shrieking voices if concerned about intruders. They are highly social birds and tend to languish when alone.

গৃহপালিত হিসেবে তিতির উচ্চতর পতঙ্গ খাদক, এরা বহু ধরনের পোকা খেতে অভ্যস্থ । এরা খঞ্জ রোগ কঠিনভাবে প্রতিরোধ করে। যদিও তারা খুব কমই দল গতভাবে  পালিত হয় না, তবে কয়েকটি তিতির পাখি খামারে রাখা হয় শিকারী পাখিদের বিরুদ্ধে নিরাপত্তা ব্যবস্থা হিসেবে । এরা মারামারিতে ওস্তাদ । এরা দলে চলে। অনুপ্রবেশকারী সম্পর্কে এরা উদ্বিগ্ন খাকে । বাহিরের পাখি দেখলে তারা তাদের অট্ট উচ্চ শব্দে চিত্কার করবে তারা ।  M

এরা অত্যন্ত সামাজিক পাখি এবং একা থাকতে পারে না দলে দলে চলে।

It can be cooked using any recipe that calls for chicken, but is 

considered to be more flavorful and, because of its higher cost,

  is generally served at special occasions. It is particularly common 

in French and Italian recipes.  

এটি যে কোন রেসিপিতে ব্যবহার করে রান্না করা যাবে, কিন্তু আরো flavorful বলে মনে  

করা হয় এবং, কারণ এর উচ্চ দাম, সাধারণত বিশেষ দামি অনুষ্ঠানে ইহা পরিবেশিত হয়। 

 এটা ফরাসি এবং ইতালীয় রেসিপি বিশেষ করে ব্যবহার করা হয় ।

 এই মাংসর খুব স্বাধ । 

১) (মেশিনে ডিম ফোটানোর নিয়ম)

ইনকিউবেটর (তাপ মেশিন) একটি ফ্যান থাকলে ভাল হয়। তিতির ডিম ৯৯.৫ ডিগ্রি 

 ফারেনহাইটে বা ৩৫.৩৩ ডিগ্রি সেন্টিগ্রেড সাধারণত ২৪/২৫ দিনের ইকুবেশন গ্রহণ  

করে এবং (৩৫% -৪৫%) এর মাঝে আর্দ্রতা বজায় রাখার চেষ্টা করিবেন।  

এবং ২৬-২৮ তম এই তিন দিন হেসিংযে রাখতে হয় এটা । 

মোট কথা  ২৬-২৮ দিনে  ডিম হতে বাচ্চা হয়। 

২) গিনি ফাউল (তিতির) ডিম হ্যাচ জন্য কত দিন লাগে?

q: সবচেয়ে স্পষ্ট জিনিস ইঙ্কুবটার  ডিম কতদিন তাপ দিবে। কত দিনের নজর রাখা 

 অপরিহার্য কারণ আপনাকে মনে রাখতে হবে যখন আপনি ডিমগুলি বাঁকানো,  

আর্দ্রতা বাড়াতে এবং এভাবেই থামাতে হবে।  

ans: ইনকিউবেটরে ২৬-২৮ দিন পরে  

গিনি ডিম হকে বাচ্চা পাচ্ছে।

৩) গিনি বা তিতির ডিম কি? কেমন?

কাঁচা গিনি ফাউল  বা তিতির ডিম সাধারণ মুরগির ডিমের মত দেখতে, যদিও  মুরগির 

থেকে-সাদা অনুপাত সামান্য ভিন্ন। আকারে একটু ছোট হতে পারে ।  

দুধের হলুদ রংয়ের কুসুম বেশ ঘন হয়, এবং এই ডিম সাদা সাদা মত হয়।

 ডিমের তুলনায় কুসুম বড় । ভাল করে দেখলে সুক্ষ  জাল বিচানো  ছিল  মনে হবে। 
 

তিতিরের ডিম

 এদের রোগ খুব কম তবে ঠান্ডা ও ভিজা এদের সহ্য হয় না । 

সাধারণ মুনগির ভেকসিন দিতে পারেন।  যত গরম আবহায়া এরা তত দিবে

এক দিনে দুবার ডিম দিতে পারে,   বৃষ্টিতে এরা কম ডিম দেয় ।

 বেশি শিতে ডিম পারে না ।

 blogged by Dilip Samadder 

source : Google English page; self experience,https://www.google.com/search?q=aseel+hen+breed&ie=utf-8&oe=utf-8&client=firefox-b#q=guinea+hen+breeds
photo: net collection

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The Aseel or Aseel is a breed of chicken originating from South Punjab / Sindh area of Pakistan and India. Fowl are found throughout Southeast Asia, such as Shamo and Thai Game. The breed is generally unstandardised in South Asia and India, but popularity has increased in the western world in recent times with the breed standardized in the British, Australian and American standards.

Contents

Description and history

Asils were first used for cock fighting and may be considered fighting cocks. Aseel is noted for its pugnacity. The chicks often fight when they are just a few weeks old and mature roosters will fight to the death. Hens can also be very aggressive towards each other.

Towards humans Asil are generally very tame and trusting. There are anecdotes where they have come to their keepers for other things than food, for example to get the keeper to open the door to the coop so they can get to roost.

The hens are not good layers, but are excellent sitters. Laying depends on the Asil variety, the small Asil are known to be very poor layers, sometimes laying just 6 eggs a year, whereas larger Asil can lay around 40 eggs a year.

In the U.S., the breed is on the "Watchlist" (2012), by the Livestock Conservancy.  The Aseel breed is found in almost all states of India, but abundant in Andhra Pradesh.

Varieties প্রকারভেদ:                    

Portrait of Kulang Asil rooster head

There are many varieties of Asil, some are standardized for shows such as the Reza Asil in the UK, some are simply named after the area where they are bred such as the Mianwali Asil from Pakistan or the colour, red/wheaten Asil are generally known as "Sonatol".

There are also hen-feathered Asil knows as "Madaroo" these are found in various colours, but the cocks come with feathers in hen colour, don't have sickle feathers in the tails and miss the large hanging feathers on the saddle. This variety is very rare.

Asil with feather beards under their beaks known as "muffed" and with tufts on the top of their heads known as "tasseled" are also seen, but are very rare especially outside India/Pakistan.

Bhaingam Asil variety have a large single comb but confirm to all the other Asil standards.

Broadly speaking, Aseel in Europe are categorized and shown under these three types:

Long Tail Parrot Beak Aseel

Long Tail Parrot Beak Aseels is a hybrid variety of Aseel Breed Chicken which is only available in the southern part of India especially in Tamil Nadu.These Aseels Come with A gigantic appearance of huge size and Long Tail Along with a beak which is very short and Thick similar to the Parrot therefore it is called the Long Tail Parrot Beak Aseels.

Birds are categoried based on the style and colours, some of the Colors are

1. Mayil Karuppu (Black and yellow)

2. Kagam/sengaruppu (Black and red)

3. Sevalai (Red)

4. Karum Keeri/Senkeeri (black/red dotted)

5. Sambal Boothi (Grey)

6. Kokku Vellai (White)

7. Noolan (white and black)

8. Pondram (Golden brown)

The average size of a Good Long Tail Parrot Beak Aseel weigh up to 5 to 7 kg from 1 years of age. These Aseels have been exported to China And Thailand in our early days but now export of Birds has been banned from India especially these kind of birds. However People from all over the world come and purchase Eggs of these long tail Aseels .The average Life span of these Aseels are from 5 to 7 years

The Average price of a good long tail Parrot beak Aseel as of 2016 is from 15000Rs to 100000Rs depending on the Quality of the tail size and beak position. The Average price of 2 month chicks pair as of 2016 is 10000 Rs.

The number of breeders have rose for these breeds due to the high demand in these breeds.

It is been carried out as a matter of pride in villages of south Tamil Nadu more than hundreds of years. Madurai, Alanganallur, Dindigul, Trichy, Palani, Udumalai, Pollachi, Salem, Namakkal are the major sectors where we can spot this breeds. There are legends who framed their own breed lines in this variety of birds which will replicate certain characters and appearance generation by generation, Aaladi Alanganallur, Meesaikarar Ramasamy Ottachathiram, kumari Chandra, Periyakottai Murugan, Jawlikarar Dindigul, Prakash Integrated Farm (Kovilur) Dindigul, Ponnuchamy Palani, Suseendran Salem, Sengattu Vellayyan are the notable breeders here.

There are also three main registered clubs for these Aseel breeders who breed these Aseels

1. All India Aseel Organisation - AIAO

2. Dindigul Aseel Breeders Association

3. Indian Aseel Breeders Association Palani

Every member of these clubs are well known breeders of their home town. Every year these clubs conduct Aseel Exhibition where people from All over India Come to display their Aseels with passion and pride as they are rearing this very rare variety of Aseels

Reza Aseel

Height: Up to 50 cm tall. Weight: Maximum weight for the hens is 1.8 kg, max weight for the cocks is 2.7 to 3 kg.

This type is standardized by the Asian Hard feather Society in the UK and is seen at shows throughout the UK, but is quite rare.

This group of Asil reached worldwide popularity due to books and articles written by game fowl experts such as Herbert Atkinson, Siran and Paul Deraniyagala from Sri Lanka and Carlos Finsterbusch from Chile. The Reza Asil family according to the old (Western) gamefowl literature is subdivided into following strains: (Amir) Ghan (Dark-Red), Sonatol(Light-Red), (Siyah) Rampur(Black), Kalkatiya (Kaptan)(Speckled-Reds) and Jawa(Duckwing). All these strains are identified by their specific color; these colors do not necessarily correspond with the area where the birds come from.

In colonial times other colors such as whites, spangles, golden etc. were regarded as inferior. At present day the "classic" strains and names given mentioned by Atkinson are more or less forgotten. The native people in India, Pakistan, Bangladesh and Sri Lanka only know the Reza-type Asil by their local names.

Reza Aseel also available in Maharashtra

Reza Asil available in Satona (Kh) 431502 Tq. Partur Dis. Jalna, Selgaon Tq. Partur, Malegaon Tq. Dhule Dist. Nasik

Kulang Asil

Height: Up to 75 cm tall. Weight: 5 to 7 kg.

The large Asil are divided into sub-varieties: North Indian, South Indian and Madras type. The North and South Indian varieties don't differ much. Only type of comb, shape of the beak and body shape are different. For example: Northern type = slender, Southern type = heavier build. The Madras Asil however is significantly different. They have a lower station, are heavier build and stronger boned. These birds often come in a bluish color. This variety is found in the deep south of India, the Tamil Nadu state.

Sindhi Aseel

 A 5 months old Sindhi Kaura Aseel

Sindhi Aseel or Sindhi Aseel is a breed of chicken and as from the name, originates from Sindh (one of 4 major provinces of Pakistan). These cocks, or fighting cocks, are noted being tall, heavy and good at fighting, so they are bred mainly for cockpit. These Aseels are characterized by a muscular but compact body, broad shoulders, wings carried against the body, short and hard feathers, drooping tails, a large curved beak similar to that of an eagle, pea comb and no wattles.

Mianwali

This breed is mainly found in Mianwali district of Pakistan.  However, since its arrival, this breed has risen to popularity in Pakistan, currently the primary game breed used in the pits also preferred by gamblers. It is smaller compared to Sindhi Aseels weighing between 1.5 and 3.5 kg depending on the preference of breeders. It is much faster and a better head hitter usually comes in small to medium height. A good Mianwali aseel should kill its opponent within a few minutes. They have been known to kill bigger roosters because of their speed and accuracy. They come in various colors such as Java (duckwing), Lakha (reddish), black and various others depending on the combination used in breeding. Very hard and a brave fighter with attitude to inspire, excellent in naked heels and metal spurs. There are many sub breeds of this breed owing to the combination used in breeding. A good tested Mianwali rooster would usually have offspring of a similar quality. Typical description would be small curved beak, strong joints, pearl/white/yellow eye color, short crow, small comb and do not have heavy body structure. May look smaller than other breeds but is excellent spurer.

Java Aseel

Java Aseel is one of the most used and best fighter cock in Pakistan/India. It is mainly found in Punjab region, its origin was from Mianwali district, Jawa Aseel is recognized by his black and yellow color.

Java breeds Aseel

It is also found in red and black colors and oranges most of the times.
It is usually mixed with desi cock breeds for superior fighting skills. It's weak point is its long legs and eta more hits in fighting.. it is also found in South India in Kolar district of Karnataka belts Height of Java Asil is 50 cm and Weight of Java is 7 to 8 kg.

Amroha

This is a rare breed of Aseel used in Pakistan and India. Very few of these roosters exist in their pure form. They are known to be small to medium like Mianwali. It is also known that they are champion of naked heel fighting. In simple, it is a fantasy of most Aseel breeders in Philippines. They are very strong .mostly they found in two colors.

Bantam Aseel

Weight: Up to 0.75 kg.

Bantam Asil have been created at the end of the 19th century by an English breeder named William Flamank Entwisle. The breed got very popular after its creation but after a couple of decades interest in this variety slowly died out. Until the beginning of the 1980s nothing was heard about these little Asil. A Belgian breeder named Willy Coppens created them again using Shamo (chicken), Indian Game and Reza Asil. The breed was also introduced again in the Netherlands and United Kingdom. At present day Bantam Aseel are quite popular and they are bred in various colors.

Lasani Aseel Breed

Pakistani Aseel breeders have developed different varieties of Aseel breeds. But one of the rarest breed is what they call Lassani Aseel breed. They are medium size birds with powerful strikes to earn them the title of neck breakers. This breed has a typical parrot like beak and small neck size. Unlike mianwali they have a particular fight style. They don't like jumping over the opponent rather they like to come closer to the opponent touching him with their front body and than attacking on the neck. So in a typical mianwali versus Lassani fight you will see mianwali birds dominating initially but as soon as they are tired of jumping around and land on the ground somewhat tired lasani breed cock will finish the game with a couple of hits in the neck. Amroha and lassani are closely related however lassani breeds have smaller necks and often closed eyes only few families of Nawab have got this breed in its pure form. And the notion that they are bengam type Aseels is mistaken.